Acne

Your teen years are long behind you so if you're wondering why you're still getting zits when you're starting to think about wrinkles, you're not alone. Despite the misconception that teens are the main acne sufferers, adults can also get acne, which is the most common skin problem seen by doctors, according to the Canadian Dermatology Association. It develops when hair follicles get clogged by dirt, sebum — an oily substance produced by the skin — dead skin cells and possibly bacteria.

Acne causes Three quarters of adult acne cases happen among women. Hormone fluctuations are usually to blame, which is why women may experience acne flare-ups prior to their periods, during pregnancy or at the onset of menopause. Overactive sebaceous glands and a family history of acne — if one or both of your parents had it you’re more likely to get it — also determine who gets acne and how severe it is.

Acne symptoms Blackheads, whiteheads and lesions that are red, swollen, pus-filled or cyst-like. Acne usually appears on the face and neck but may also occur on the back, arms and shoulders. Even mild acne can leave scars, which result from the loss of skin tissue or the build-up of excess skin tissue. Scars can be pitted (depressed) or elevated (thickened).

Acne diagnosis/tests If your acne is severe or widespread, doesn't improve with OTC products, or is doing a number on your self-esteem, talk to your family physician who may prescribe something to treat it or refer you to a dermatologist. They will examine your skin and likely ask you questions about your acne, such as when it began, when it typically flares up and what treatments you've already tried. In some cases, the physician may run blood tests to measure your hormone levels, since hormonal conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome can cause acne. The course of treatment will depend on the information the dermatologist gathers during your examination.

Acne treatmentMild to moderate acne can usually be treated with topical over-the counter (OTC) products, such as benzoyl peroxide. For more severe, stubborn and/or widespread acne, however, your doctor or dermatologist may suggest prescription products, such as antibiotics to control redness and reduce bacteria and retinoids to increase skin cell turnover. Oral contraceptives may be recommended for hormonal acne.

Acne prevention If you get regular breakouts, spot-treating them isn’t enough. You need a skin-care regimen that will help keep pimples from popping up:

• Wash your skin twice a day with a water-based cleanser to remove excess oil but avoid the tendency to scrub your face more frequently; too much cleansing can irritate the skin and actually lead to more breakouts. Shower after working out to remove oil and bacteria from your skin.

• Choose oil-free and non-comedogenic make-up products that won’t clog your pores and make sure to remove all makeup before you go to bed.

• Talk to your doctor or dermatologist about a prevention plan; depending on the type of acne you have and its severity, she may recommend using a benzoyl peroxide acne product daily—even when your skin is clear—or prescribe you oral contraceptives or antibiotics to prevent breakouts.

More info from Chatelaine Two views: How to treat adult acne