Domestic science

Ah, love. It’s a magical thing. Well, sort of. Turns out long-term romance may not be the stuff of fate, soulmates or the stars after all. Relationship researchers say marriage is a science, and argue that they can predict – with a surprising degree of accuracy – whose love affairs will keep burning and whose will fizzle out.

We’ve identified 10 fundamentals for mastering the science of love. If you’re still worried, panic not – experts say about a quarter of divorces could be avoided with some hard work. Just forget about magic and check out our tips for beating the relationship odds.

Young love is for the birds

If you married your high-school sweetheart: beware. According to Anne-Marie Ambert, an associate professor of sociology at York University in Toronto, many young people get married for the wrong reasons – such as pregnancy or over-the-top lust.

Beat the odds Cindy Mellow met Randy when she was 17 and they married two years later, but the Leamington, Ont., couple worked at their relationship right from the start. “If there’s a problem, it gets taken care of quickly,” says Cindy. Nancy Hurst, an Edmonton psychologist and marriage therapist, thinks young lovers can make it if they’re realistic and work on their own personal identities and relationship issues. As for those about to get hitched, “What’s the hurry?” Hurst asks. “You change so much from ages 17 to 30, you might end up quite different.”

Women are from Venus, men are into hockey

You like to knit, he hates sweaters. He loves Don Cherry, you’d rather watch a movie on cable. “If people choose someone different from them in terms of education, religion, occupation or attitudes about children, they’re in trouble right away,” says Alan Booth, a professor of sociology at Penn State University in University Park, Pa. He’s been studying a group of more than 1,000 married individuals since 1980 and found competing values to be a major factor in divorce.

Beat the odds Too different? Forge some common ground. “You must have something that brought you together in the first place,” says Hurst. Sharon Dykstra of Woodstock, Ont., has figured it out. Her husband flies recreationally at least twice a week but she gets nauseous in the air, so they go out for breakfast together at least once every weekend. If your partner has different beliefs or interests, try accepting those differences instead of plotting to change them.

Brawling for love

“Conflict is just as important as love in an intimate relationship,” says John Wright, a couples therapist and psychology professor at the University of Montreal. “The challenge is to have fights that are as constructive as possible.” Marriage researchers can predict the likelihood of divorce just by watching couples argue. Red flags include never fighting, conflicting styles and dirty tactics such as name-calling.

Beat the odds Set some fair fighting rules, suggests Diane Marshall, a Toronto-based registered marriage and family therapist. “Agree to not go to sleep angry and avoid trying to resolve things when either of you is tired or hungry,” she says. Ban name-calling, insults and cross-complaining (one-upping each other with complaints). And get to know your partner’s conflict style. Sharon’s husband likes to talk problems out, but when family is involved, he shuts down. “I got to realize that it’s not worth trying to change his mind, so I just let it go now.”

Positives attract

Negative emotions such as anger and hostility that get much worse over time can send a couple toward divorce in just five years, says a study of 600 couples by relationship expert John Gottman at the University of Washington in Seattle. Being irritable and saying mean things can set up a grim atmosphere in a marriage – one nobody wants to stay in.

Beat the odds According to Gottman’s research on happy marriages, it takes five positive interactions to balance out just one negative. Even if it feels awkward at first, start using compliments in your everyday conversations. And when you’re tempted to criticize or make a snide comment, count to 10 and think about whether you’d really prefer to sound superior, or keep a positive mood in the house. If you do slip up, say you’re sorry and offer an explanation – you were tired, stressed out from work – but not excuses.

Creatures of habit

A big source of disharmony in marriages is vices that don’t match up. “If you’re doing different things with respect to drinking, you can have a lot of conflict and unhappiness,” says Kenneth Leonard, a research scientist at the Research Institute on Addiction at the University of Buffalo, who’s been following 600 newlyweds for nine years. The most dangerous vice for married life? Smoking. One study from the University of Minnesota found a 53 per cent increase in the risk of divorce when one partner was a smoker.

Beat the odds A few nights a week, Gayle Fraser and her husband, Michael, of Peterborough, Ont., pour a glass of wine or two and chat. “It’s about having time that’s not in front of the TV,” says Gayle. Leonard’s study found that this kind of alcohol use actually strengthens marriages. If you indulge differently or your different habits are causing tensions, try planning events with couples who drink moderately or don’t smoke. And if alcohol or another substance is causing serious problems, get help from a counsellor, Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon.

Divorce? Never heard of it

Married people who think about divorce are nine times more likely to actually do it, Penn State’s Booth discovered in one of his marriage studies. “We’ve gradually moved away from an attitude of ‘What can I do for my marriage?’ to ‘What can my marriage do for me?'” he says. “It’s become a self-fulfilling prophecy.” Children of divorced parents are also more likely to get divorced themselves.

Beat the odds Close your eyes when you pass the tabloids at the grocery store: they’re screaming with messages that can make marriage seem disposable. Talk to your partner about your views on divorce and make a promise not to bring up the subject during arguments. And don’t let your mind wander to thoughts of who would take the cat and how you’d split up the furniture – not even privately to yourself – when he’s really getting on your nerves. Of course, there are times when divorce is the only option – especially if the relationship is causing a toxic environment for you or your children. In those cases, moving on with the help of a counsellor, mediator or strong support system can be a good thing.

Talk to me, baby

Couples who don’t talk or listen to each other today are at risk for divorce down the road. According to Rebecca Cobb, a clinical psychologist, marriage researcher and assistant professor at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, a current area of research involves studying which aspects of communication predict long-term happiness. “One area we’re looking at is how people help each other with a problem or talk about the events of their day,” she says.

Beat the odds Things got rough for Calgary’s Pamela Jessen and her husband, Ray, eight years ago, but a couples therapist gave them an arsenal of communication tools they still use today. “Now we try to connect twice a week, minimum once a week, just to sit down, look at each other and talk,” says Pamela. These sessions – which can last from 15 minutes to several hours – help them work out problems as they come along. To communicate better, avoid lecturing, don’t criticize and, most importantly, listen with interest and respect.

Let’s not live together

According to the 1995 Canadian General Social Survey, 63 per cent of couples who lived together before marriage split up. York University’s Ambert, who has studied divorce and cohabitation, thinks many of those couples just aren’t committed. “If they drift into cohabitation and drift into marriage, then they’ll drift into divorce eventually.”

Beat the odds Pamela lived with her husband – and raised her two children from a previous relationship – for seven years before they formally got hitched. “If you’re committed to living together and you’re committed to marriage, then you’re committed,” she says. Avoid relationship killers (which are more common with cohabitation) such as infidelity, putting your own needs first and thinking you can just bail out if things get rough. And if you’ve been thinking about shacking up, consider putting it off. “What’s wrong with dating?” asks Hurst. “You can still spends lots of time with the person.”

Support your local marriage

Researchers are now looking at the role of positive support in keeping a marriage happy. “We know that people who are clear with each other about what they need are doing better two years down the road,” says Cobb. What’s not so effective? According to Cobb, just jumping in with solutions to a problem or playing devil’s advocate instead of simply listening – often, we just want to know someone’s on our side.

Beat the odds Instead of getting into heavy debates or launching straight into complex solutions in tough times, just listen and try to feel some empathy for your partner. Laughter is also a good tool. That’s what Pamela’s husband has used, particularly back when the two were struggling with a very troubled teen. Ray would recite lines from movies that Pamela found hilarious, cracking them both up, breaking the tension and reminding her they were in the crisis together.

You can’t always get what you want

Interested in having the perfect marriage with the perfect mate (gorgeous, attentive, fabulous-smelling, rich and talented)? Marriage experts say rigid expectations are a major risk factor for divorce. “We’re so used to the Hollywood thing, the idea that marriage should be heaven,” says Ambert.

Beat the odds In a word: compromise. Cindy Mellow knew that marrying a paramedic was often going to interrupt her life. “I got used to it pretty early on,” she says. “When that pager goes off, he has to go.” So smile as you eat his terrible cooking, sit through his family’s boring events or when you find golf on the TV yet again – “as long as you never compromise who you are,” adds Hurst. “Both of you have to do it.”

A guide to couples therapy

Many couples could benefit from talking to a professional, even for just a few sessions.

Do we need to go?

“Most people know when they’re not happy,” says Nancy Hurst, a psychologist and marriage therapist in Edmonton. If your stomach sinks when he walks in the door or your arguments go nowhere, make an appointment. And do it soon: most couples wait too long.

What happens when you get there?

You will have to talk about your deepest feelings and possibly about sex, too. “You will be opening up to a stranger, but it’s in a safe environment,” says Hurst. In just a few sessions, there may be some changes, but it takes about 10 to go deep.

Why can’t we just talk it out ourselves?

A therapist, being neutral, can mediate tired old arguments. An experienced, well-trained professional will have an arsenal of techniques to improve your arguments, communication, language and even the way you think about each other.

Who benefits?

According to studies of marriage therapy by John Wright, a couples therapist and psychology professor at the University of Montreal, about 50 per cent of couples who go to therapy improve their relationship a lot. Even those about to divorce have better breakups.

What if he won’t go?

He’s probably worried he’ll get blamed for everything. “Emphasize that it’s important to try to get help together,” says Diane Marshall, a Toronto-based registered marriage and family therapist.

How do I find a therapist?

Ask around to find someone who’s good. Or contact the marriage and family therapists’ association in your province (you’ll find them listed at www.marriageandfamily.ca/link).

Sex & Relationships

Ten fundamentals for mastering the science of love

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